A comparative approach to understanding factors limiting abundance 4 patterns and distributions in a fig tree - fig wasp mutualism 5 6
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منابع مشابه
Ecology of parasite Sycophilomorpha sp. on Ficus altissima and its effect on the fig-fig wasp mutualism.
Figs and their pollinating wasps are a classic example of an obligate mutualism. In addition, figs are parasitized by a suite of non-mutualistic wasps whose basic ecology is largely undescribed. Sycophilomorpha (subfamily Epichrysomallinae) fig wasps are ovule gallers and the genus contains only 1 described species. An undescribed Sycophilomorpha species parasitized Ficus altissima at Xishuangb...
متن کاملHost sanctions and pollinator cheating in the fig tree-fig wasp mutualism.
Theory predicts that mutualisms should be vulnerable to invasion by cheaters, yet mutualistic interactions are both ancient and diverse. What prevents one partner from reaping the benefits of the interaction without paying the costs? Using field experiments and observations, we examined factors affecting mutualism stability in six fig tree-fig wasp species pairs. We experimentally compared the ...
متن کاملMulti-locus phylogenetic analysis of neotropical figs does not support co-speciation with the pollinators: The importance of systematic scale in fig/wasp cophylogenetic studies
For 18 species of Panamanian Ficus, representing both basal (Pharmacosycea; 4 spp.) and derived (Urostigma, Americana; 14 spp.) sections, we sampled multiple individuals per species and analyzed sequence data from multiple (3) genetic markers (tpi, g3pdh, ITS). In contrast to previous phylogenetic studies of figs, this sampling design allowed us to evaluate the degree to which different alleles...
متن کاملEffect of Time and Amount of Supplemental Irrigation at Different Distances from Tree Trunks on Quantity and Quality of Rain-fed Fig Production
Supplemental irrigation under prolonged drought conditions has a key role in providing water for transpiration of rain-fed fig trees. The effect of different times and amounts of supplemental irrigation at different distances from the tree trunk on quantity and quality of Estahban rain-fed fig production was evaluated during two years. A randomized complete block design with four replications o...
متن کاملDisturbance effects on community structure of Ficus tinctoria fig wasps in Xishuangbanna, China: Implications for the fig/fig wasp mutualism
Fig trees are important components of tropical forests, because their fruits are eaten by so many vertebrates, but they depend on pollinating fig wasps to produce mature fruits. Disturbance to habitat structure can have a major impact on insect diversity and composition, potentially reducing fruit yields. We investigated the impact of habitat disturbance on the fig wasp community associated wit...
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